In this review, climate warming, its impact and consequences are discussed with reference to their influences on phenological shifts. In this scenario, food security can be ensured by improving cereal production through agronomic management, breeding of climate-adapted genotypes and increasing genetic biodiversity.
Nonetheless, climate warming is a global phenomenon and cannot be avoided. Scientists and farmers adapt to these phenological shifts, in part, by changing sowing time and cultivar shifts which may increase or decrease crop growth duration. Disturbance mainly causes a shift in phenological development of crops and affects their economic yield. The rise in temperature disrupts crop growth and development. Global temperature is rising due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and clearance of woodlands for building construction.
Growth and development of cereal crops are linked to weather, day length and growing degree-days (GDDs) which make them responsive to the specific environments in specific seasons.
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